Inhibidores glucagon, terzipatide y otros



los Inhibidores glucagon  no producen en este estudio aumento de malformaciones.:

Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Other Second-Line Antidiabetics in Early Pregnancy

Carolyn E. Cesta, PhD¹; Ran Rotem, ScD^2,3; Brian T. Bateman, MD, MSc⁴; et alGabriel Chodick, PhD³; Jacqueline M. Cohen, PhD^5,6; Kari Furu, PhD^5,6; Mika Gissler, PhD^7,8,9,10; Krista F. Huybrechts, PhD¹¹; Lars J. Kjerpeseth, PhD⁵; Maarit K. Leinonen, PhD⁷; Laura Pazzagli, PhD¹²; Helga Zoega, PhD^13,14; Ellen W. Seely, MD¹⁵; Elisabetta Patorno, MD, DrPH¹¹; Sonia Hernández-Díaz, MD, DrPH²

Author Affiliations Article Information

JAMA Intern Med. Published online December 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6663

Key Points

Question  Is periconceptional use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists or other noninsulin second-line antidiabetic medications (ADMs) associated with increased risk of major congenital malformations?

Findings  This multinational population-based cohort study of more than 50 000 pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and their infants did not find greater risk of malformations after periconceptional use of sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors compared with insulin.

Meaning  Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and other noninsulin second-line ADMs has increased in pregnancy and in this first large study on their teratogenic risk in humans, results provide initial reassurance of their safety.

Abstract

Importance  Increasing use of second-line noninsulin antidiabetic medication (ADM) in pregnant individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may result in fetal exposure, but their teratogenic risk is unknown.

Objective  To evaluate periconceptional use of second-line noninsulin ADMs and whether it is associated with increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) in the infant.

Design, Setting, and Participants  This observational population-based cohort study used data from 4 Nordic countries (2009-2020), the US MarketScan Database (2012-2021), and the Israeli Maccabi Health Services database (2009-2020). Pregnant women with T2D were identified and their live-born infants were followed until up to 1 year after birth.

Exposure  Periconceptional exposure was defined as 1 or more prescription fill of sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, or insulin (active comparator) from 90 days before pregnancy to end of first trimester.

Main Outcomes and Measures  Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs for MCMs were estimated using log-binomial regression models, adjusting for key confounders in each cohort and meta-analyzed.

Results  Periconceptional exposure to second-line noninsulin ADMs differed between countries (32, 295, and 73 per 100 000 pregnancies in the Nordics, US, and Israel, respectively), and increased over the study period, especially in the US. The standardized prevalence of MCMs was 3.7% in all infants (n = 3 514 865), 5.3% in the infants born to women with T2D (n = 51 826), and among infants exposed to sulfonylureas was 9.7% (n = 1362); DPP-4 inhibitors, 6.1% (n = 687); GLP-1 receptor agonists, 8.3% (n = 938); SGLT2 inhibitors, 7.0% (n = 335); and insulin, 7.8% (n = 5078). Compared with insulin, adjusted RRs for MCMs were 1.18 (95% CI, 0.94-1.48), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.64-1.06), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.72-1.26), and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.65-1.46) for infants exposed to sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance  Use of second-line noninsulin ADMs is rapidly increasing for treatment of T2D and other indications, resulting in an increasing number of exposed pregnancies. Although some estimates were imprecise, results did not indicate a large increased risk of MCMs above the risk conferred by maternal T2D requiring second-line treatment. Although reassuring, confirmation from other studies is needed, and continuous monitoring will provide more precise estimates as data accumulate.

y la   tirzepatide   es eficaz en la perdida de peso en obesos.

Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With ObesityThe SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial

Louis J. Aronne, MD¹; Naveed Sattar, MD²; Deborah B. Horn, DO, MPH³; et alHarold E. Bays, MD⁴; Sean Wharton, MD⁵; Wen-Yuan Lin, MD, PhD⁶; Nadia N. Ahmad, MD, MPH⁷; Shuyu Zhang, MSc⁷; Ran Liao, PhD⁷; Mathijs C. Bunck, MD, PhD⁷; Irina Jouravskaya, MD, PhD⁸; Madhumita A. Murphy, MD⁷; for the SURMOUNT-4 Investigators

Author Affiliations Article Information

JAMA. Published online December 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24945

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Key Points

Question  Does once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide with diet and physical activity affect maintenance of body weight reduction in individuals with obesity or overweight?

Findings  After 36 weeks of open-label maximum tolerated dose of tirzepatide (10 or 15 mg), adults (n = 670) with obesity or overweight (without diabetes) experienced a mean weight reduction of 20.9%. From randomization (at week 36), those switched to placebo experienced a 14% weight regain and those continuing tirzepatide experienced an additional 5.5% weight reduction during the 52-week double-blind period.

Meaning  In participants with obesity/overweight, withdrawing tirzepatide led to substantial regain of lost weight, whereas continued treatment maintained and augmented initial weight reduction.

Profesor Manuel Sánchez Molla, MD PhD.

 Asociado Departamento Medicina Clínica.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4617-7624